Peculiarity of general labor skills formation among schoolchildren with insufficient intellectual capabilities

Contact: Khokhlina Оlena Petrivna, Doctor of Science of Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Aviation Psychology of the National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine; e-mail: epkhokh@nau.edu.ua; ORCID 0000-0002-2126-5011

Formation of general labor skills among schoolchildren is the formation of their activity, which is considered a necessary condition for their preparation for independent life and correction of their deficiencies in development. One of the productive directions of this formation in the subject of activity is mastering the stages of the task fulfillment as a unit of activity. The fulfillment of each labour (as well as educational) task is carried out according to the stages: analysis of the task (conditions of activity), planning of the task execution, its organization, own execution and self-control. Activity implementation according to the above components testifies to the formation of general work skills in schoolchildren, and their training means the mastering of general ability to study and work. The most successful formation of such skills is acieved under conditions a special organization of the educational process.

The results of the theoretical-empirical study of the research on the problem of determining the essence of the formation of general labor skills in schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in the process of labor education are highlighted.

Special organization of labor training of schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in order to form the ability to analyze the task involves the selection of objects of work for analysis, the use of practical and sensory actions, verbalization of actions on the analysis of the subject and its properties, the use of tasks for copying, etc. The formation of the ability to plan activities involves the mastering of knowledge about labor actions, their sequence of execution, tools, their use, etc ; the application of object-technological and subject-instruction cards; learning to describe the sequence of an accomplished task, etc. The ability to organize an activity is the ability to select, prepare and arrange the materials, tools, etc. necessary for the task assignment. In order to teach schoolchildren to filfill the task practically, the metered individual help of different kinds is used - general, verbal and practical. To form the ability to carry out self-control activities, they are trained to direct and indirect, current and final self-control, using, as in the formation of all previous skills, various methods, techniques and exercises.

Key words: activity, formation of general labor skills, students with insufficient intellectual capabilities.