Lopatynska N.A. - System approach to neurological diagnostics of communicative and speech activity of preschool children with different types of speech dysontogenesis

Contact: Lopatynska Natalia, PhD, Head of the special education department of the communal higher educational institution "Khortytska National Education and Rehabilitation Academy" of Zaporizhzhya Regional Council, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine. In the field of scientific interests: the neuroontogenetic approach for diagnosis and correction speech disorders, the introduction of neurological help for severe and complicated disorders of speech development.

The systematic transdisciplinary approach to neurological diagnostics of communicative-speech activity of preschool children with different types of speech dysontogenesis disclosed, which in our opinion allows us to reveal the relevance of the integrated knowledge of diagnosis and to prove the practical significance of their use in practice of neurological correction work. The methodological interpretations of "neurological and pediatric activity" definitions and "neurological diagnostics" are considered, and the meaning of these terms is given. The article attempts to describe the methodological postulates that substantiate the key approaches to the neurological diagnostic study of the state of communicative-speech activity in preschool children with different types of speech dysontogenesis. The proposed system of neurological-pediatric diagnostics of communicative-speech activity of preschool age children with different types of speech dysontogenesis is based on neurophysiological, neuropsychological and neuropsycholinguistic, and classical logopedic approaches that help to reveal the integral picture of speech disorder. The article defines the purpose and tasks of the diagnostic program for studying the state of communicative-speech activity in preschool children with different types of speech dysontogenesis. The methods, which were used for solving certain problems of neurological diagnostic are described, in particular: clinical-anamnestic, instrumental, research. The diagnostic program of the study of the communicative-speech activity state in preschool children with various types of speech dysontogenesis covering 6 stages and foresee components learning that are prerequisites for the formation of communicative-speech activity: neurological, somatic, psychopathological, ophthalmological, otolaryngoscopic, neuropsychological, psycholinguistic, psychophysiological. Based on the results analysis of general-clinical and paraclinical methods of diagnosis on each type of examination, the influence of biological determinants on the occurrence of dysontogenesis of communicative-speech activity and the peculiarities of toddler development, the structure of the violation are comprehensively evaluated. The article provides a meaningful description of the log-anamnestic, neuropsychological, psycholinguistic, psychophysiological, speech therapist stages of the study. The proposed neurological diagnostic system allowed us to carry out in-depth analysis of the essence of communicative-speech disorder in the structure of dysontogenesis development, to study the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of communicative-speech activity in close connection with higher mental functions and to outline the ways of influencing the brain and the mental processes involved in the emergence of speech pathology.

Key words: neurology pediatric diagnostics, system approach, communicative-speech activity, preschoolers.