Haletska Y. Study of the formation of dressing skills in children with moderate and severe degree of intellectual failure

Contact: Galetska Yuliya, Ph.D., assistant of speech therapy and special techniques department Kamianets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University, Kamianets-Podilsky, Ukraine. Academic interests: feature the organization of educational and correctional-developing work with children with the moderate and severe mental retardation.

The article analyzes the results of studying the dressing skills in children with moderate and sever degree of intellectual disorders. These children, entering a special institution, have violations of spatial orientation, coordination of movements, lack of social and domestic skills, which is an important condition for human existence. One of the reasons for this condition is the lack of attention to the formation of social and domestic skills in children of early and preschool age, the peculiarity of mastering them in the subject activity, which is the basis for the formation of other activities. Formation of social and domestic skills in children with moderate and severe mental retardation is an important social problem, since these skills are the primary basis of domestic activity and are the initial stage of labor education, therefore, it is necessary to gradually involve them in labor processes: self-dressing, using the toilet, washing, receiving food, bedding, cleaning, etc.
The main directions of correctional and educational work on the formation of self-care skills in preschoolers with intellectual disorders: the skills of eating; hygienic skills; dressing and undressing skills; household skills. In order to study the formation of social and domestic skills in children with moderate and severe mental retardation, we conducted an experiment that included a set of methods: a survey; conversations with educators; analysis of lessons; observation of children during times of rest and social-oriented orientation classes; creating relevant situations in everyday activities. In the course of the research it was found that a large part of the investigated children  dress and undress themselves in pre-prepared clothes, although they often turn to the caregiver for help, especially not needing it. The children of the orphanage encounter some difficulties when fastening clothes that have buttons, belt tying, shoe lacing.

Key words: child with mental disorders, moderate and severe mental retardation, dressing skills, special institution.