Tkach O.M. - Features of clinical research of the reasons of delay of speech development

Contact: Tkach Oksana Mykhailivna, candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer of the department of speech therapy and special
techniques of the faculty of correctional and social pedagogy and psychology of Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohienko National University, 32300, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine. Research interests: issues of speech activity formation in children with complex developmental disorders.

The article contains a study of the causes of speech delay in young children. The symptoms of this disorder, clinical and hardware methods of studying the manifestations of this disorder in children from birth to three years are described. The description of pedagogical manifestations of speech development delay and features of reflection of pathological changes in the structure and functioning of the brain and its trunks is given. Examples of clinical description of pathological symptoms on echoencephalogram, neurosonographic and Doppler examination are given. The causes of speech developmental delay, which include cerebral hypoxia / ischemia, CNS birth trauma, CNS infections, systemic dysmetabolic and toxic-metabolic disorders, are highlighted. The connection between the manifestations of speech developmental delay and the data of X-ray examination of disorders of the integrity and functionality of the cervical spine has been studied. Neurosonographic data confirm problems with harmonious blood supply and maintenance of typical cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the vessels and ventricles of the brain. The study presents the results of deciphering the results of echoencephalography in relation to the passage of waves of different frequencies through the structures of the brain, identified pathological conditions accompanied by non-normative indicators of frequency and changes in the amplitude of the waves. The reactions of children to auditory stimuli that accompanied the study with the help of audiometry and echoencephalography were studied,  and the features of subcortical evoked potentials in the dominant and nondominant hemispheres were determined.

Key words: clinical manifestations, hardware research methods, speech zones of the cerebral cortex, interhemispheric asymmetry.