Bielova O. Outline of the problem of developing the phonetic level of speech in older preschool children with logopathology

Contact: Bielova Olena Borysivna, PhD in of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Speech Therapy and Special Techniques of Kamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University, Kamyanets-Podilsky, Ukraine. Academic interests: features of the development of cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres of children with speech disorders; speech activity of children with speech disorders.

The scientific article presents the theoretical position of modern research on the content of the phonetic level of speech. Attention has been focused on the problem of studying the components of the phonetic level of speech in older preschool children with normotypical psychophysical development and speech disorders. The phonetic level of speech in children with logopathology was experimentally investigated and a comparative analysis was carried out with peers  with normotypical psychophysical development. The purpose of the study is to study the current state of formation of the phonetic level of speech in older preschool children with speech pathology. The task of the research: scientific and theoretical substantiation of scientific positions regarding the development of the phonemic level of speech in children with normotypical psychophysical development and outlining the features of its development in children with logopathology; definition of tasks and evaluation criteria for studying the phonemic level of speech; carrying out a comparative analysis of the results of the study of the state of formation on the development of the phonemic level of speech in children of older preschool age with normotypical psychophysical development and with logopathology. The methods of research are tasks aimed at researching the components of the phonetic level of speech, namely phonetic perception (the ability to differentiate phonemes that are similar in sound, distinguish a sound from a group of sounds, determine the sound in a word), phonetic analysis (the ability to determine the first and last sounds in a word, as well as the number of sounds in a word) and phonetic representation (the ability to correlate sounds with the name of an object) in older preschool children with normotypical psychophysical development and speech disorders. The results of the ascertainment experiment indicate that there are significant differences in the formation of the phonemic level of speech between the groups of the studied older preschool children with logopathology and those with normotypical psychophysical development. Phonemic processes in preschoolers with logopathology, as compared with normotypical indicators, develop with a delay,
which leads to a number of errors: during phonemic perception, children do not recognize close-sounding sounds; do not know how to distinguish a sound from a group of sounds or in a word; during phonetic analysis – they incorrectly detect the first and last sounds in a word (name the first syllable or part of a word), make a mistake in determining the number of sounds in a word; during phonemic representation - cannot find the sound in the name of the object.

Key words: phonemic level of speech, phonetic perception, phonetic analysis, phonetic representation, older preschool age, speech disorder, speech pathology.