Havrylova N. - Methodology of forming and stimulation of the phonemes pronunciation

Information on an author: Havrylova Natalia, PhD of psychology, associate professor of speech therapy and special methods in KamyanetsPodilsky National Ivan Ohienko University, Kamyanets-Podilsky, Ukraine. Academic interests: correction of children's articulatory movement and phonetic speech disorders, specialties of mastering and forming knowledge of maths of junior schoolchildren with severe speech disorders, history of development of special education.

The problem of teaching children sounds of speech and stimulating their pronunciation is not new, but it still has many unsolved issues. In particular, one of them is the choice of the strategy of conducting speech therapy. In recent years, scientists have used new methods to solve this problem, which has also led to the need for their new systematization. In the article, we tried to solve these two issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the formation of a methodology that would ensure a conscious choice of ways to correct the abnormalities of phonemic pronunciation and their stimulation, which would minimize the use of the method of trial and error. Through the questionnaire, we found difficulties that speech therapists meet in the process of phonemic pronunciation formation, as well as their needs for further improvement of professional skills. It indicates that the identified problem remains relevant. In order to solve it, we identified and described eight groups of methods of formation sounds of speech, which greatly broadens the experience already presented in the studies of different scholars. It is determined that in logopedic practice it will be most effective to select and combine these methods in accordance with the features of a child’s phonemes pronunciation, the reasons that caused the violation of the phonetic side of speech, the emotional maturity of a child, and the level of control. According to the results of the observation and experimental study, we described 4 groups of children with differentiated speech, motor, and emotional characteristics and different ways of forming the correct pronunciation of phonemes. In particular, it was found that the first way - imitation - is effective for working with children with typical development without violations of articulation motility; the second one - articulation exercises - we advise to choose if children have violations of articulation motility and respiration; the third one - game - is effective when working with children with a slight developmental delay and the presence of emotional immaturity; the fourth - dynamically-motorized - should be used in case of significant disorders of mental development and ASD. Within the implementation of each of them, different groups of methods should be used.

Keywords: stimulation of the phonemes pronunciation, ways of forming the correct articulation of phonemes, violations of the phonemes pronunciation, methods of forming sounds of speech.